Electrical vs Optical Cell Stimulation: A Communication Perspective

Functional Electrical Stimulation vs

Fourteen Spinal Cord Injured (SCI) and 15 Ablebodied (AB) individuals participated in two 30 minutes (min) standing sessions. The control groups (SCICONT, ABCONT) consisted of both AB and SCI standing still with no muscle contraction. The experimental groups consisted of both SCI subjects (SCIEXP) standing with use of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)-induced muscle activation of four low...

"Russian electrical stimulation": putting this perspective into perspective.

Optical measurement of cell-to-cell coupling in intact heart using subthreshold electrical stimulation.

Electrical coupling between myocytes plays a critical role in propagation, repolarization, and arrhythmias. On the basis of predictions from cable theory, we hypothesized that the cardiac space constant (lambda) measured from the decay of subthreshold transmembrane potential (ST-Vm) in space would provide an index of regional cell-to-cell coupling in the intact heart. With the use of voltage-se...

The Feminine vs. the Masculine : A Sufi Perspective of Life

In Sufism, one may find a very interesting feminine approach according to which the feminine is the source of life. Though it is roughly distinguished from modern feminism in principle and aim, it would be very critical to see how this perspective overcomes the masculine dominated world. The overall aim of this paper is to give only a remark and an entry to this perspective without involving in...

Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo.

Low-intensity, pulsed infrared light provides a novel nerve stimulation modality that avoids the limitations of traditional electrical methods such as necessity of contact, presence of a stimulation artifact, and relatively poor spatial precision. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is, however, limited by a 2:1 ratio of threshold radiant exposures for damage to that for stimulation. We have show...